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Engine types Single-piston designs. These designs use a single piston per cylinder, like a conventional two- or four-stroke engine. A secondary, non-detonating fluid is injected into the chamber, and the leftover heat from combustion causes it to expand for a second power stroke followed by a second exhaust stroke. 4 L PO WER S TR O KE DI E SE L OvER vI E W ® 6.4L Power Stroke Diesel Overview 6.4L Power Stroke Diesel Direct Injected Turbocharged. This publication is not intended to replace the Service Manual Diesel Engine Overview but to introduce the 6.4L Power Stroke ® Diesel Engine. Engine Features.

The devise of six-stroke engine has been applied to a number of alternative internal combustion engine designs that attempt to improve on traditional two-stroke and four-stroke engines. Claimed advantages may include increased fuel efficiency, reduced mechanical complexity and/or reduced emissions. These engines can be divided into two groups based on the number of pistons that contribute to the six strokes.

In the single-piston designs, the engine captures the heat lost from the four-stroke Otto cycle or Diesel cycle and uses it to drive an additional power and exhaust stroke of the piston in the same cylinder in an attempt to improve fuel-efficiency and/or assist with engine cooling. The pistons in this type of six-stroke engine go up and down three times for each injection of fuel. These designs use either steam or air as the working fluid for the additional power stroke.^[1]

The designs in which the six strokes are determined by the interactions between two pistons are more diverse. The pistons may be opposed in a single cylinder or may reside in separate cylinders. Usually one cylinder makes two strokes while the other makes four strokes giving six piston movements per cycle. The second piston may be used to replace the valve mechanism of a conventional engine, which may reduce mechanical complexity and enable an increased compression ratio by eliminating hotspots that would otherwise limit compression. The second piston may also be used to increase the expansion ratio, decoupling it from the compression ratio. Increasing the expansion ratio in this way can increase thermodynamic efficiency in a similar manner to the Miller or Atkinson cycle.

• 1Engine types
  • 1.1Single-piston designs
  • 1.2Opposed-piston designs
  • 1.3Other two-piston designs
• 2Related patents

Engine types[edit]

2 Stroke Engine Troubleshooting

Single-piston designs[edit]

These designs use a single piston per cylinder, like a conventional two- or four-stroke engine. A secondary, non-detonating fluid is injected into the chamber, and the leftover heat from combustion causes it to expand for a second power stroke followed by a second exhaust stroke.

Griffin six-stroke engine[edit]

In 1883, the Bath-based engineer Samuel Griffin was an established maker of steam and gas engines. He wished to produce an internal combustion engine, but without paying the licensing costs of the Otto patents. His solution was to develop a 'patent slide valve' and a single-acting six-stroke engine using it.By 1886, Scottish steam locomotive maker Dick, Kerr & Co. saw a future in large oil engines and licensed the Griffin patents. These were double-acting, tandem engines and sold under the name 'Kilmarnock'.^[2] A major market for the Griffin engine was in electricity generation, where they developed a reputation for happily running light for long periods, then suddenly being able to take up a large demand for power. Their large heavy construction didn't suit them to mobile use, but they were capable of burning heavier and cheaper grades of oil. The key principle of the 'Griffin Simplex' was a heated exhaust-jacketed external vapouriser, into which the fuel was sprayed. The temperature was held around 550 °F (288 °C), sufficient to physically vapourise the oil but not to break it down chemically. This fractional distillation supported the use of heavy oil fuels, the unusable tars and asphalts separating out in the vapouriser.Hot-bulb ignition was used, which Griffin termed the 'catathermic igniter', a small isolated cavity connected to the combustion chamber. The spray injector had an adjustable inner nozzle for the air supply, surrounded by an annular casing for the oil, both oil and air entering at 20 psi (140 kPa) pressure, and being regulated by a governor.^[3][4]Griffin went out of business in 1923.Only two known examples of a Griffin six-stroke engine survive. One is in the Anson Engine Museum. The other was built in 1885 and for some years was in the Birmingham Museum of Science and Technology, but in 2007 it returned to Bath and the Museum of Bath at Work.^[5]

Dyer six-stroke engine[edit]

Leonard Dyer invented a six-stroke internal combustion water-injection engine in 1915, very similar to Crower's design (see below). A dozen more similar patents have been issued since.

Dyer's six-stroke engine features:

• No cooling system required
• Improves a typical engine's fuel consumption
• Requires a supply of pure water to act as the medium for the second power stroke.
• Extracts the additional power from the expansion of steam.

Bajulaz six-stroke engine[edit]

The Bajulaz six-stroke engine is similar to a regular combustion engine in design. There are, however, modifications to the cylinder head, with two supplementary fixed-capacity chambers: a combustion chamber and an air-preheating chamber above each cylinder. The combustion chamber receives a charge of heated air from the cylinder; the injection of fuel begins an isochoric (constant-volume) burn, which increases the thermal efficiency compared to a burn in the cylinder. The high pressure achieved is then released into the cylinder to work the power or expansion stroke. Meanwhile, a second chamber, which blankets the combustion chamber, has its air content heated to a high degree by heat passing through the cylinder wall. This heated and pressurized air is then used to power an additional stroke of the piston.

The claimed advantages of the engine include reduction in fuel consumption by at least 40%, two expansion strokes in six strokes, multi-fuel usage capability, and a dramatic reduction in pollution.^[6]

The Bajulaz six-stroke engine was invented in 1989 by Roger Bajulaz of the Bajulaz S.A. company, based in Geneva, Switzerland; it has U.S. Patent 4,809,511 and U.S. Patent 4,513,568.

The Bajulaz six-stroke engine features claimed are:

• Reduction in fuel consumption by at least 40%
• Two expansion (work) strokes in six strokes
• Multifuel, including liquefied petroleum gas
• Dramatic reduction in air pollution
• Costs comparable to those of a four-stroke engine

Velozeta six-stroke engine[edit]

In a Velozeta engine, fresh air is injected into the cylinder during the exhaust stroke, which expands by heat and therefore forces the piston down for an additional stroke. The valve overlaps have been removed, and the two additional strokes using air injection provide for better gas scavenging. The engine seems to show 40% reduction in fuel consumption and dramatic reduction in air pollution.^[7] Its Power-to-weight ratio is slightly less than that of a four-stroke gasoline engine.^[7] The engine can run on a variety of fuels, ranging from gasoline and diesel fuel to LPG. An altered engine shows a 65% reduction in carbon monoxide pollution when compared with the four-stroke engine from which it was developed.^[7] The engine was developed in 2005 by a team of mechanical engineering students, Mr. U Krishnaraj, Mr. Boby Sebastian, Mr. Arun Nair and Mr. Aaron Joseph George of the College of Engineering, Trivandrum.

NIYKADO six-stroke engine[edit]

This engine was designed, developed and patented by Chanayil Cleetus Anil, of Cochin, India, in 2012.^[8]Jmicron jmb389 card reader driver windows 10 hp. He holds Indian patent number IN252642, granted by IPI, Govt of India on May 25, 2012. The name of the engine is taken from the name of his company, NIYKADO Motors. The engine underwent a preliminary round of full-throttle test at the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Pune.^[8] The inventor claims this engine 'is 23% more fuel efficient compared to a conventional four-stroke engine'^[8] and it is 'very low on pollution'.^[8]

Mr. Chanayil Cleetus Anil is a mechanic from Cochin, India. His hard work of 15+ years resulted in this technology updgrade. He had fired this engine for the first time in 2004 and applied for patent in 2005 and his patent was granted in 2012 by IPI, Govt. of India. He claims that with this new technology, we can reduce engine pollution drastically. This invention can create a revolution in the automotive industry in the scenario of Emission-less Mobility.

Working of this engine is explained below:-

The different strokes are as follows:-

1. Suction stroke

2. Compression stroke

3. Power stroke

4. Exhaust stroke

5. Air intake

6. Air Exhaust

The engine has four valves:-

1. suction valve (air fuel mixture suction),

2. Suction valve (air suction)

3. Exhaust valve (smoke exhaust)

4. Exhaust valve (air exhaust)

Suction stroke: In this stroke the piston moves from TDC to BDC. The suction valve opens and air fuel mixture enters the cylinder.

Compression stroke: Piston moves from BDC to TDC, all the valves are in closed condition.

Power stroke: Spark happens and combustion occurred. Piston moves from TDC to BDC, all the valves in closed condition. Due to the pressure produced in the combustion piston comes down to BDC.

Exhaust stroke: Piston moves from BDC to TDC and exhaust valve opens and pushes out the exhaust gas.

Air intake stroke: Piston moves from TDC to BDC and the air inlet valve opens resulting in the air from the atmosphere to be sucked in. At this stroke, the air comes in gets mixed with the unburnt/burnt particles inside the cylinder and it cools down the cylinder inside.

Air exhaust stroke: Piston moves from BDC to TDC resulting in pushing the air which is mixed with unburnt/burnt particles. Thus this creates a fresh atmosphere inside the cylinder to intake next air-fuel mixture and thus helps the chamber to combust almost 100% of the air-fuel mixture.

Thus in this six stroke engine, at the end of every cycle, the cylinder gets cleaned by air and thus avoids the chances of polluted emission caused by unburnt / partly burned particles.

As long as the engine works, the internal cleaning also taking place, results in better fuel economy and a poison less emission and thus SIX STROKE ENGINE will be the new echo friendly IC engine.

Emission comparison when a 4 Stroke and Six Stoke Engine running

The below table shows the emission comparison of 4 Stroke Vs 6 Stroke (working 6 stroke prototype engine) tested using a 4 Gas Analyzer.

Its shows Six Stroke engine has reduced 98% Carbon Monoxide when compared to 4 Stroke emission.

Video Link :- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFqVplq-Ucg&t=40s

Crower six-stroke engine[edit]

In a six-stroke engine prototyped in the United States by Bruce Crower, water is injected into the cylinder after the exhaust stroke and is instantly turned to steam, which expands and forces the piston down for an additional power stroke. Thus, waste heat that requires an air or water cooling system to discharge in most engines is captured and put to use driving the piston.^[1] Crower estimated that his design would reduce fuel consumption by 40% by generating the same power output at a lower rotational speed. The weight associated with a cooling system could be eliminated, but that would be balanced by a need for a water tank in addition to the normal fuel tank.

The Crower six-stroke engine was an experimental design that attracted media attention in 2006 because of an interview given by the 75-year-old Americaninventor, who has applied for a patent on his design.^[1] That patent application was subsequently abandoned.^[9]

Opposed-piston designs[edit]

These designs use two pistons per cylinder operating at different rates, with combustion occurring between the pistons.

Beare head[edit]

This design was developed by Malcolm Beare of Australia. The technology combines a four-stroke engine bottom end with an opposed piston in the cylinder head working at half the cyclical rate of the bottom piston. Functionally, the second piston replaces the valve mechanism of a conventional engine. Claimed benefits include a 9% increase in power, and improved thermodynamic efficiency through an increased compression ratio enabled by the elimination of the hot exhaust valve.^[10]

M4+2[edit]

The idea was developed at the Silesian University of Technology, Poland, under the leadership of dr inż. Adam Ciesiołkiewicz. It was granted patent nr 195052 by the Polish Patent Office.

The M4+2 engines have much in common with the Beare-head engines, combining two opposed pistons in the same cylinder. One piston works at half the cyclical rate of the other, but while the main function of the second piston in a Beare-head engine is to replace the valve mechanism of a conventional four-stroke engine, the M4+2 takes the principle one step further. The double-piston combustion engine's work is based on the cooperation of both modules. The air load change takes place in the two-stroke section of the engine. The piston of the four-stroke section is an air load exchange aiding system, working as a system of valves. The cylinder is filled with air or with an air-fuel mixture. The filling process takes place at overpressure by the slide inlet system. The exhaust gases are removed as in the classical two-stroke engine, by exhaust windows in the cylinder. The fuel is supplied into the cylinder by a fuel-injection system. Ignition is realized by two spark plugs. The effective power output of the double-piston engine is transferred by two crankshafts. The characteristic feature of this engine is an opportunity of continuous change of cylinder capacity and compression rate during engine work by changing the piston's location. The mechanical and thermodynamical models were meant for double-piston engines, which enable to draw up new theoretical thermodynamic cycle for internal combustion double-pistons engine.^[11]

The working principle of the engine is explained in the two- and four-stroke engines article.

Other two-piston designs[edit]

Piston-charger engine[edit]

In this engine, similar in design to the Beare head, a 'piston charger' replaces the valve system. The piston charger charges the main cylinder and simultaneously regulates the inlet and the outlet aperture, leading to no loss of air and fuel in the exhaust.^[12] In the main cylinder, combustion takes place every turn as in a two-stroke engine and lubrication as in a four-stroke. Fuel injection can take place in the piston charger, in the gas-transfer channel or in the combustion chamber. It is also possible to charge two working cylinders with one piston charger. The combination of compact design for the combustion chamber together with no loss of air and fuel is claimed to give the engine more torque, more power and better fuel consumption. The benefit of fewer moving parts and design is claimed to lead to lower manufacturing costs. Good for hybrid technology and stationary engines. The engine is claimed to be suited to alternative, fuels since there is no corrosion or deposits left on valves.The six strokes are:

1. Aspiration
2. Precompression
3. Gas transfer
4. Compression
5. Ignition
6. Ejection.

This is an invention of Helmut Kottmann from Germany, while working 25 years at MAHLE GmbH piston and cylinder construction. Kottman's US patents 3921608 and 5755191 are listed below.

Ilmor/Schmitz Five-Stroke[edit]

This design was invented by Belgian engineer Gerhard Schmitz, and has been prototyped by Ilmor Engineering.^[13]

These designs use two (or 4, 6, 8) cylinders with a conventional Otto four-stroke cycle. An additional piston (in its own cylinder) is shared by the two Otto cycle cylinders. The exhaust from the Otto cycle cylinder is directed into the shared cylinder, where it is expanded generating additional work. This is in some respects similar to the operation of a compound steam engine, with the Otto cycle cylinders being the high-pressure stage and the shared cylinder the low pressure stage. The operation of the engine is thus:

The designers consider this to be a five-stroke design, regarding the simultaneous HP exhaust stroke and LP expansion stroke as a single stroke. This design provides higher fuel efficiency due to the higher overall expansion ratio of the combined cylinders. Expansion ratios comparable to diesel engines can be achieved, while still using gasoline (petrol) fuel. Five-stroke engines allegedly are lighter and have higher power density than diesel engines.^{[citation needed]}

Revetec engines[edit]

The controlled combustion engines, designed by Bradley Howell-Smith of Australian firm Revetec Holdings Pty Ltd, use opposed pairs of pistons to drive a pair of counter-rotating three-lobed cams through bearings. These elements replace the conventional crankshaft and connecting-rods, which enables the motion of the pistons to be purely axial, so that most of the power otherwise wasted on lateral motion of the con-rods is effectively transferred to the output shaft. This gives six power strokes per revolution of the shaft (spread across a pair of pistons). An independent test measured the BSFC of Revetec's X4v2 prototype gasoline engine at 212g/kW-h^[14] (corresponding to an energy efficiency of 38.6%). Any even number of pistons can be used, in boxer or X configurations; the three lobes of the cams can be replaced by any other odd number greater than one; and the geometry of the cams can be changed to suit the needs of the target fuels and applications of the engines. Such variants may have ten or more strokes per cycle.

Related patents[edit]

Related U.S. patents[edit]

• 1217788 Internal combustion and steam engine Feb 27, 1917. Hugo F. Liedtke seems to be one of the first to contemplate alternating between internal combustion and steam injection into the combustion chamber.
• 1339176 Internal combustion engine May 4, 1920. Leonard H. Dyer invented the first 6-stroke internal combustion/water-injection engine in 1915.
• 2209706 Internal Combustion Engine Jul 30, 1940
• 3921608 Two-stroke internal combustion engine Nov 25, 1975
• 3964263 Six cycle combustion and fluid vaporization engine Jun 22, 1976
• 4143518 Internal combustion and steam engine Mar 13, 1979
• 4301655 Combination internal combustion and steam engine Nov 24, 1981
• 4433548 Combination internal combustion and steam engine Feb 28, 1984
• 4489558 Compound internal combustion engine and method for its use Dec 25, 1984
• 4489560 Compound internal combustion engine and method for its use Dec 25, 1984
• 4736715 Engine with a six-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, and constant stroke Apr 12, 1988
• 4917054 Six-stroke internal combustion engine Apr 17, 1990
• 4924823 Six-stroke internal combustion engine May 15, 1990
• 5755191 Two-stroke internal combustion engine with charging cylinder May 26, 1998
• 6253745 Multiple stroke engine having fuel and vapor charges Jul 3, 2001
• 6311651 Computer-controlled six-stroke internal combustion engine and its method of operation Nov 6, 2001
• 6571749 Computer-controlled six-stroke cycle internal combustion engine and its method of operation Jun 3, 2003
• 7021272 Computer controlled multi-stroke cycle power generating assembly and method of operation Apr 4, 2006

Related Indian patents[edit]

• IN patent 252642 Six Stroke Engine May 25, 2012

Related Polish patents[edit]

• Bulletin of the Polish Patent Office, No 12(664)1999 p. 53, Pat. No P323508 'the working principle of an internal combustion of multistroke engine' (by Antoni Gnoiński, constructor from Będzin, Poland)

References[edit]

6 Stroke Engine Pdf Converter

1. ^ ^abcLyons, Pete (2006-02-27). 'Inside Bruce Crower's Six-Stroke Engine'. Autoweek.com. Retrieved 2012-07-28.
2. ^'American Griffin Engine'. Smokstak.com. November 2007. Retrieved 2014-02-07., linked photos and period diagrams
3. ^Caudle, P.; Brain, Eric (September 2000). 'The Griffin Engineering Company'. staff.bath.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2007-05-13.
4. ^Knight, Patrick. A to Z of British Stationary Engines. p. 83.
5. ^'Only surviving Griffin engine returns home to Bath museum'. Culture24.org.uk. April 15, 2007. Retrieved 2014-02-07.
6. ^Yuen, W. W.; et al. 'The Bajulaz Cycle: a Two-Chamber Internal Combustion Engine with Increased Thermal Efficiency'. SAE Technical Paper Series (Feb., 1986): 1–10. No. 860534.
7. ^ ^abc'A brilliant six-stroke from techies'. 14 February 2007. Archived from the original on 22 February 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
8. ^ ^abcd'Kochiite patents six-stroke engine'. The Hindu. Thehindu.com. 4 July 2012.
9. ^'Application 11/494,090: Method and apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine'. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
10. ^'After 16 years' work –- the six-stroke engine'(PDF). Border Chronicle (Vol. 87 - No. 4365). Bordertown, South Australia. November 10, 1994. Archived from the original(PDF) on October 1, 2011.
11. ^Official site of the city of Myszków, Poland(Polish)
12. ^Berni Kühne kuehne@tobe4u.de. 'A new Engine generation is born Kottmann-Motor-Team Six-Stroke-Engine. Accessed January 2008'. Sechstaktmotor.de. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
13. ^'5 Stroke Engine'. Ilmor Engineering. Retrieved 2016-02-06.
14. ^'Revetec X4v2 Engine Testing report'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2011-12-06.

6 Stroke Engine Pdf Files

External links[edit]

• Bajulaz Six-Stroke Engine Accessed June 2007
• Bajulaz Animation Accessed June 2007

6 Stroke Engine Seminar Pdf